Zowonjezera mphira ndi mndandanda wazinthu zabwino zomwe zimawonjezeredwa pakukonza mphira wachilengedwe ndi mphira wopangira (womwe umatchedwa "rabala yaiwisi") kukhala zinthu za mphira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphira ntchito, kusunga moyo wautumiki wa zinthu za mphira. , ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amafuta a rabara.Zowonjezera mphira zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwapangidwe kwa zinthu za mphira, kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kukonza ukadaulo wopangira mphira, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa labala, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga mphira.
Raba wachilengedwe padziko lapansi anapezedwa ndi Columbus pamene anatulukira Dziko Latsopano mu 1493, koma kunalibe kufikira mu 1839 pamene sulfure anagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga vulcanizing mphira wopingasa, motero kulipereka phindu lothandiza.Kuyambira pamenepo, makampani opanga mphira anayamba kupangidwa padziko lonse, ndipo makampani opanga mphira anayambanso kupanga.
Zowonjezera za mphira zitha kugawidwa m'mibadwo itatu molingana ndi mbiri yawo yachitukuko, monga tafotokozera m'mawu oyamba otsatirawa.
Mbadwo woyamba wa zowonjezera mphira 1839-1904
Zopangira mphira zanthawi ino zimayimiriridwa ndi ma inorganic vulcanization accelerators.Makampani opanga mphira alowa m'nthawi ya ma inorganic vulcanization accelerators, koma alinso ndi zovuta monga kukwezeka kocheperako komanso kusachita bwino kwavulcanization.
● 1839 Kuzindikira mphamvu ya sulfure pa vulcanization ya rabala
● 1844 Kupeza ma inorganic vulcanization accelerators
● 1846 Anapeza kuti sulfure monochloride ingayambitse mphira kuti "cold vulcanize", pogwiritsa ntchito amine carbonate ngati thovu.
● 1904 Anapeza vulcanization active agent zinc oxide ndipo anapeza kuti carbon black imakhala ndi mphamvu pa rabala.
M'badwo wachiwiri zowonjezera mphira 1905-1980
Zopangira mphira zanthawi ino zidayimiridwa ndi ma organic vulcanization accelerators.Aniline anali ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira vulcanization, yomwe idapezeka ndi wasayansi waku Germany Oenslaber mu 1906 pakuyesa ku United States.
● 1906 Kupangidwa kwa organic vulcanization accelerators, thiourea type accelerators
● 1912 Kupangidwa kwa dithiocarbamate sulfurization accelerator ndi kupangidwa kwa p-aminoethylaniline
● 1914 Kupangidwa kwa amines ndi β-Naphthylamine ndi p-phenylenediamine angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati antioxidants.
● 1915 Kupangidwa kwa organic peroxides, mafuta onunkhira a nitro, ndi zinc alkyl xanthate
● 1920 Kupangidwa kwa thiazole based vulcanization accelerators
● 1922 Kupangidwa kwa mtundu wa guanidine vulcanization accelerator
● 1924 Kupangidwa kwa antioxidant AH
● 1928 Kutulukira kwa antioxidant A
● 1929 Kupangidwa kwa thiuram vulcanization accelerator
● 1931 Kupangidwa kwa phenolic nonpolluting antioxidant
● 1932 Anatulukira sulfosamide mtundu vulcanization accelerator DIBS、CBS、NOBS
● 1933 Kupangidwa kwa antioxidant D
● 1937 Kupangidwa kwa antioxidant 4010, 4010NA, 4020
● 1939 mankhwala a Diazo anapangidwa kuti awononge labala
● 1940 Kuyambitsa mankhwala a diazo kuti awononge labala
● 1943 Kupangidwa kwa zomatira za isocyanate
● 1960 Kupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera mphira
● 1966 Kupangidwa kwa zomatira za Cohedur
● 1969 Invention CTP
● 1970 Kupangidwa kwa ma accelerator amtundu wa triazine
● 1980 Kupangidwa kwa Manobond cobalt salt adhesion enhancer
M'badwo wachitatu zowonjezera labala 1980～
Pambuyo pa zaka zopitirira 100 za kafukufuku, sizinali mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980 kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonjezera mphira inayamba kuwonjezeka ndipo dongosolo linakula kwambiri.Panthawi imeneyi, zinthu zowonjezera mphira zimadziwika ndi zobiriwira komanso zambiri.
● 1980-1981 Kukula kwa accelerator NS kunayamba ku China
● 1985 Yambitsani MTT
● 1991 ~ Kupitiriza kukhala ndi kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe ochezeka sanali nitrosamine kapena nitrosamine zina otetezeka monga thiram, sulfonamide, nthaka accelerators mchere, vulcanizing wothandizila, anti coking wothandizira, plasticizers, etc, ZBPD,TBSI,CBBS,TBzTD,TIBTD,TIBTM, ZDIBC, OTTOS, ZBEC, AS100, E/C, DBD ndi zinthu zina zapangidwa motsatizana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-02-2023